In the signage industry, neon signals are electric signals illuminated by long light-emitting tubes containing rare neon or other gases
. They are widely used in neon light, first shown in a modern way in December 1910 by Georges Claude at the Paris car show. When used worldwide, neon symbols were popular in the United States from the 1920’s to the 1950’s. The installation in Times Square, much of which was originally designed by Douglas Leigh, was popular, and there were nearly 2,000 small shops that produced neon markers in 1940. In addition to symbols, neon light is often used by architects and architects, and (in a modified form.) On plasma display panels and televisions. The signage industry has declined in the last few decades, and cities are now concerned with preserving and restoring their old neon signs.
A light emitting diode arrangement can be built to mimic the appearance of neon lights.
The neon symbol is the emergence of the front Geissler tube, which is a closed glass tube containing “abnormal” gas (the gas pressure in the tube is much lower than the air pressure). When a voltage is applied to the electrodes installed in the glass, the result is the emission of electric light. Geissler tubes were popular in the late 19th century, and the various colors they emitted were gas-like features inside.
They were not suitable for normal lighting, as the internal gas pressure usually decreased with consumption. The precursor to neon tube lighting was the Moore tube, which used nitrogen or carbon dioxide as a transparent gas and a patented way to maintain pressure. Moore tubes were sold to light up the trade for several years in the early 1900s.
The discovery of the neon in 1898 by British scientists William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers involved the observation of a bright red light in the Geissler tubes. Travers wrote, “The red light from the pipe told its story and it was an idea you should stay in and not forget.”
After the discovery of neon, neon tubes are used as science tools and innovations. A sign created by Perley G. Nutting and indicating the word “neon” may have been shown in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904, although this claim has been refuted; in any case, the lack of neon would prevent the development of the light product. After 1902, Georges Claude’s French company, Air Liquide, began producing neon industrial value, primarily as a product of their immersion business.
From December 3-18, 1910, Claude showed two 12-meter-long (39 ft) long neon tubes in bright red at the Paris Motor Show. The exhibition illuminated the peristyle of the Grand Palais (large exhibition hall). Claude’s colleague Jacques Fonsèque recognized business opportunities based on literature and advertising. In 1913 a large sign of vermouth Cinzano lit up the night sky in Paris, and in 1919 the door of the Paris Opera was adorned with the light of a neon tube.
Over the next several years, Claude was granted patents for two new products still in use today: the “bomb-fired” method of removing the active gas from a closed seal, and the design of the inner electrode of the seal that prevented its deterioration. to shed.
In 1923, Georges Claude and his French company Claude Neon introduced neon gas signals to the United States by selling two at a Packard car dealership in Los Angeles. Earle C. Anthony bought two signs that read “Packard” for $ 1,250 each. Neon lighting quickly became popular in outdoor advertising. Signs – called “liquid fires” – were visible during the day; the people stood staring.
What may be the oldest neon mark still standing in the United States, still in use for its original purpose, is the “Theater” (1929) in the Lake Worth Playhouse in Lake Worth Beach, Florida.
The next technological invention in neon light and symbols was the development of fluorescent tubes. Jacques Risler obtained a French patent in 1926 for these. Neon signals that use an argon / mercury gas mixture emit good ultraviolet light. When this light is drawn by a fluorescent coating, preferably inside the tube, the coating (called “phosphor”) shines with its color.
Although only a few colors were originally available to the designers, after World War II, phosphorus materials were extensively researched for use on colored televisions. About a dozen colors were available to designers of neon symbols in the 1960’s, and today there are almost 100 colors available.
Symbols of neon tubes are produced by the art of folding glass tubes into shapes. A skilled worker in this field is known as a glass bender, neon bender or tube bender. The neon tube is made of straight 4- or 5-foot-tall straight glass sold by branded suppliers in neon stores around the world, where they are assembled by making custom-designed and custom-made lamps.
Blue Neon enters the cake shop
Tubes on outer diameters ranging from 8-15 mm with a thickness of 1 mm on the wall are widely used, although 6 mm tubes are now sold in colored glass tubes. The tube is heated in stages using several types of furnaces selected according to the amount of glass to be heated per bend. These stoves include ribbons, cannons, or explosives, as well as a variety of gas torches. Ribbon burners are pieces of fire that create a slow bend, while the opposite fires are used to make sharp curves.
The inside of the tubes may be covered with a thin layer of phosphorescent powder, attached to the inner wall of the tube with a binding material. The tube is filled with a mixture of purified gas, and the ionized gas with a high voltage applied between the ends of the closed tube by cold cathodes is heated at the edges. The color of the light emitted by a tube may be that of light, or light from a layer of phosphorus. Parts of the phosphor-coated tubes may be welded together using functional glass torches to form a single multicolored tube, due to the characteristic effects where each character shows a character with a different color between one word.
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Neon “is used to describe the general type of lamp, but neon gas is one of the most widely used commercially available type of gas. Pure neon gas is used to produce only about one-third of the colors (especially red. Orange, and other shades of warmer or stronger shades. ) A large number of colors (including all shades of blue, yellow, green, violet, and white, as well as other cool or soft pink) are produced by filling with an inert gas, argon, and a drop of mercury .
When the tube is made into an electric current, the mercury evaporates into a mercury vapor, which replenishes the tube and produces a strong ultraviolet light. .Although this group of tubes neon does not use neon at all, it is still described as “neon.” Mercury lamps are a type of cold cathode fluorescent lamps. .
Each type of neon tube produces two different colors, one with neon gas and the other with argon / mercury. Some “neon” tubes are made without phosphor coatings in some of the colors. A clear tube filled with neon gas produces an omnipotent orange color and the inner plasma column is clearly visible, and is a cheap and easy-to-make tube.
Traditional American neon glasses over the age of 20 are lead glass that is easy to soften in gas fires, but recent environmental concerns and occupational health have led manufacturers to seek out softer glass formulas that are safer. One of the most troubling problems that can be avoided in this way is the tendency of lead glass to burn in a dark place that emits lead smoke from the curling flame that is very rich in a mixture of fuel / oxygen.
Another line of traditional glass was lime soda colored mirrors that come with a wide range of glass color options, producing the highest quality, most effective and versatile colors. Other color choices are given to the combination, or non-coating, of these colored mirrors with a variety of phosphorus available.
The range of colors and the ability to make a tube that can last for years or decades without change, making this an art. Since these tubes require much labor, they would have very little economic power if they did not have a long life if properly processed. The energy of the neon light produced increases as the diameter of the tube grows smaller, that is, the size varies against the square root of the inner diameter of the tube, and the resistance of the tube increases as the diameter of the tube decreases accordingly, due to ionization of the tube they are also recaptured and powerless on the walls of the tube.
The main reason for the failure of the neon tube is the gradual absorption of neon gas by the insertion of high-pressure ion ions into the inner glass wall of the exhaust tubes, and ultimately causing the tube resistance to rise to a level where it can no longer shine. limited voltage, but this may take more than 50 years if the tube is properly processed during a bomb blast and gas back filling.
This longevity has created an effective market for the neon use of cove for interior lighting for a variety of home use applications, where the tube can be folded in any position, fitted in a small space, and can do so without requiring a tube replacement for a decade or more.
Half the glass is heated until light; then folded into a shape and aligned with a neon logo pattern paper that contains graphics or words that the final product will match. The tube bender comes out of the hollow tube before heating and holds the latex rubber pipe to the other side, gently squeezing a small amount of air so that the tube does not turn as it bends.
The trick is to bend a small part or bend at a time, to heat one part of the tube to soften it, without heating the other part of the tube, which can make the bend uncontrollable. The bend, once the glass has been heated, should be brought to a pattern and inserted immediately before the glass hardens again, as it is difficult to heat up when completely cooled without risking breakage.
It is usually necessary to skip one or more bends and return to it later, carefully measuring the length of the tube. A single tube book may contain a small 7-10 bend, and errors are not easily corrected without going back and starting over. If more tubes are needed, one piece is burned in it, or parts can be heated all over the other in the final step. The finished tube must be strong and clean inside to function.
Once the tube is full of mercury, in the event of any error after that, the whole tube should be restarted, as inhaling the mercury-containing glass containing mercury and phosphor causes a long-lasting toxic metal to neon workers. The tubes of the tubes are connected until the tube reaches an impossible size, and several tubes are connected in series with a high voltage neon transformer. Excessive ends of the electrical circuit should be separated to prevent tube piercing and bolting to the corona effect.
The cathode cold electrode melts (or is heated) at the end of the tube when completed. Empty electrodes are also traditionally lead glass and consist of a small metal shell with two wires that run through the glass to which the signal wires will be connected later. All welds and seals should leak into the upper vacuum before proceeding.
The tube is connected to a multifold and then connected to a high quality vacuum pump. The tube is then ventilated to a vacuum level of a few torr. The discharge is stopped, and high power is forced into the low-pressure air tube by electrodes (by a process known as “bomb”). This current and voltage are much higher than the level that occurs at the final operation of the tube.
The current capacity depends on the specific electrodes used and the diameter of the tube but is usually at 150 mA to 1,500 mA, starting at the bottom and rising at the end of the process to ensure that the electrodes are warm enough without melting the glass tube. The bombard current is supplied with a large transformer with an open circuit voltage ranging from 15,000VAC to 23,000VAC.
The bombarding transformer acts as a flexible current source, and the actual voltage during operation depends on the length and pressure of the tube. Normally the operator will keep the pressure high as the bombarder will allow to ensure high power dissipation and temperature. Bombarding transformers may be specially designed for this purpose, or they may also be intended for transformers to disassemble electrical equipment (the type seen on the poles of the device) used in the back to produce high voltage.
This dissipation of high-pressure tubes heats glass walls at temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius, and any impurities and impurities inside are emitted by a gas through a vacuum pump. Excessive emissions from gases cover the inner wall of the tube with adsorption, especially oxygen, carbon dioxide, and especially water vapor.
The current also heats the electrode metal above 600 ° C, producing a bright incandescent orange color. Stainless steel shell cathodes with a small hole (sometimes ceramic donut veneer) containing the inner surface of the shell of a small powdery floor cathode powder (usually a mixture of ceramic molar eutectic point including BaCO2), combined with other’s. alkaline earth oxides, reduce BaO2 when heated to 500 degrees F, and reduce the electrode activity of cathodic extraction.
Barium Oxide has a working capacity of about 2 eV while tungsten at room temperature has a function of 4.0 eV. This indicates the cathode pulse or electron energy required to remove the electrons from the surface of the cathode. This avoids the need to use a thermoelectric cathode for hot wire as it is used in conventional fluorescent lamps.
And for that reason, neon tubes live much longer if properly processed, unlike fluorescent tubes, because there is no cord as much as there is in a light tube to heat up like a normal lamp. The main purpose of this is to clean the inside of the tube before the tube is closed so that when operating, these gases and impurities can be pumped out and plasma and heat generated in a closed, closed pipe. it can quickly burn metal cathodes and mercury droplets (if exposed to argon / mercury) and emit internal gases and cause rapid tube failure.
If you clean the tube carefully, it stays longer and more stable the tube will really work. Once these gases and impurities are released under a pre-filled bomb inside the inner tube it is quickly pumped out.
While still attached to the manifold, the tube is allowed to cool while pumping to the lowest pressure that the system can reach. It is then filled with a low pressure of a few torrs (millimeters of mercury) with one of the noble gases, or a mixture thereof, and sometimes a small amount of mercury.
This gas filling pressure represents approximately 1 / 100th of the atmospheric pressure. The required pressure depends on the electricity used and the diameter of the tube, with ideal values ranging from 6 Torr (0.8 kPa) (with a 20 mm long tube filled with argon / mercury) to 27 Torr (3.6 kPa) (short 8 mm diameter tube full of pure neon). Neon or argon gases are widely used; Krypton, xenon, and helium are used by artists for special purposes but are not used alone in common symbols.
Neon signs near me India.
Neon sign Board near chandigarh
The combination of argon and helium is often used instead of pure argon where the tube should be placed in a cold place, as helium increases voltage drop (and thus energy dissipation), heating the tube at a faster operating temperature. Neon shines bright red or orange red when lit. When argon or argon / helium is used, a small droplet of mercury is added.
Argon is the only pale lavender that is very dark when turned on, but a drop of mercury fills the tube with mercury vapor when closed, which in turn emits ultraviolet light into electrical implants. This ultraviolet release allows the finished argon / mercury tubes to glow with a variety of bright colors when the tube is covered with ultraviolet-resistant phosphorus after bending to form.
Another method of processing neon-finished tubes has also been used. Because the sole purpose of the electric bombing is to clean the inside of the tubes, it is also possible to produce a tube by heating the tube outside with a flashlight or oven, while heating the electrode with a radio frequency induction heat (RFIH) coil. Although this is less productive, it creates a clean custom tube with minimal cathode damage, long life and light, and can produce tubes of very small size and diameter, up to 6mm OD.
The tube heats well under the upper vacuum without external electrical installation, until the exhaust gases may appear to be completely exhausted and the pressure drops to the upper vacuum again. Then the tube is filled, closed and the mercury is lowered and shaken.
The finished pieces of glass are illuminated by a neon signal transformer or a switch in electric mode, usually operating at voltages between 2–15 kV and waves between 18 and 30 mA (high wavelengths are available in a special order.) These power tools work as current-current sources (high voltage with very high internal impedance), as the tube has a negative electrical blocking factor. Typical tube tables established in the early days of neon are still used that specify gas filling pressure, in Ne or Hg / Ar, such as the function of the foot length, tube width and transformer voltage.
A standard neon converter, a magnetic shunt transformer, is a special indirect type designed to keep the voltage across the tube up to any level required to produce the required constant current power. The voltage drop of the tube is proportional to the length and therefore the maximum voltage and length of the tubes supplied to a given transformer is limited. Typically, the loaded voltage drops to 800 VAC in total. The short-circuit current is almost identical.
The use of compact high frequency inverter-converters built in the early 1990s, especially when low-frequency Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is required, such as in areas close to the most reliable sound equipment. With the normal frequency of these solid state transformers, the time to reassemble a plasma electron-ion is too long to turn off and turn on the plasma in each cycle, unlike the power line frequency case. Plasma does not transmit high frequency switching sound and is always ioned, with no radio noise.
The most common current rating is 30 mA for normal use, and 60 mA for high-intensity applications such as channel lights or building lighting. 120 mA sources are occasionally visible in lighting systems, but they are rare as special electrodes are required to withstand current strength, and accidental shock from a 120 mA transformer is more likely to kill than from low current objects.
The efficiency of neon lighting varies between that of conventional incandescent lamps and that of fluorescent lamps, depending on the color. On the basis of each watt, incandescent produces 10 to 20 lumens, while fluorescent produces 50 to 100 lumens. Neon light efficiency ranges from 10 lumens per watt to red, up to 60 lumens in blue and blue when these colors emanate from internal phosphorus.
A special black or gray opaque glass paint can be used to “darken” parts of the tube, between letters of the word.
In many of the low-cost brands produced today, clear glass tubes are coated with light paint to produce colored light. In this way, several different colors can be cheaply produced with a single glossy tube. Over time, high temperatures, hot cycling, or exposure to the elements may cause the colored glass to peel off the glass or change its color. Another expensive option is to use a high quality colored glass tube, which maintains a stable appearance as it grows.
Light-emitting tubes form colorful lines that can be engraved with a text or picture, which includes various ornaments, especially in advertising and trademarks. By setting the system to open and close the sections, there are many opportunities for flexible lighting to create glowing images.
In some applications, neon tubes are increasingly being replaced by LEDs, given the continuous improvement in LED light and the reduced cost of high-intensity LEDs.] However, proponents of neon technology maintain that they still have significant advantages over LEDs.
Neon light is essential to evoke nostalgia of the 1940s or 1950s in marketing and the historical restoration of world architectural features from the neon era. Architecture in the modern era often planted neon to accentuate the stained glass built into the façade of the 1930s or 1940s building; many of these buildings are now eligible for inclusion in historical registers such as the U.S. National Register of Historic Places if their historical integrity is maintained in good faith.
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